Names And Origins

The name of the Fawcett/DC Captain Marvel was appropriated by a Marvel character who, after changing both identity and gender, has become the Marvel screen equivalent of Wonder Woman with a pivotal role in the movieverse.

Some Origins

ET
Superman
Alan Moore's Marvelman/Miracleman
Marvel Captain Marvel
Silver Age Geeen Lantern
Silver Age Hawkman
Martian Manhunter
Silver Surfer

Other Scientific Origins
Mick Anglo's Marvelman: "atomic"
Silver Age Atom: atomic
The Flash: chemical
Spider-Man: radioactive
Firestorm: nuclear
Captain Atom: atomic/quantum
Doctor Manhattan: the intrinsic field

Mythological
Wonder Woman: Amazon
Aquaman: Atlantean
The Submariner: Atlantean
The TV Man from Atlantis: Atlantean

Supernatural
Fawcett/DC Captain Marvel: magical
Golden Age Green Lantern: magical
The Spectre: a ghost
Deadman: a ghost
Golden Age Hawkman: reincarnation